Entrepreneurial intention of local community in Lenggong Valley, Malaysia

Entrepreneurship is important to boost the socio-economic development. Most developing countries have successfully implemented social and economic development program to increase the living standards of the poor. Lenggong Valley is a new developing rural tourism attraction. The acknowledgement as a heritage site by UNESCO in July 2012 would definitely provide various business opportunities for the local community. Entrepreneurial intention (EI) has been receiving a significant intention among researchers since 1980’s. The term EI refers to specific action taken by individual towards achieving its specific target goals. Previous research on EI has been conducted in academic setting focusing on university students in various countries. Looking from different perspective, this study explore on possible variables (attitude, social norm and perceived behavioral control) that determine the EI of local community in tourism business development. The Data collection has been conducted on 500 local populations in Lenggong Valley and analyzed by using factor analysis. The rotated component analysis resulted 6 factors comprise of attitude toward money, attitude toward start-up, capital access, embeddedness, emotional intelligent and intention to be entrepreneur

Interferences and Solutions in Long Term Evolution (LTE) Network: A Review

LTE is an enhanced of Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) network, enriched with new and outstanding features geared towards its network and mobile users. Hence, it can improve poor network coverage and quality of service (QoS). Improper network designed by network operators and random deployments of femtocell behaviour will attract interferences and severely degraded the LTE network. This paper reviewed several interference management techniques to improve LTE network performances based on Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in Rel-8 until Rel-12 from recent studies. This paper covers several interferences i.e. co-channel interference (CCI), cross-tier interference and inter-cell interference (ICI). The techniques reviewed focus on victim users e.g. at cell-edge and indoor areas in heterogeneous networks (HetNets). All techniques were explained and the variables used were reviewed

HANDOVER TRIGGER SCHEME FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION IN HIGH SPEED MOBILE ENVIRONMENT

ABSTRACT High speed rail has been developed rapidly in recent years. The passengers travelled by trains demand for higher data rate and service continuity in order for them to access the Internet. The realization to provide reliable communication for the users in high speed mobility is challenging due to the frequent request for handover since the trains moving in high speed which resulting heavy overhead implementation. Since the User Equipment (UE) in trains communicates directly to the outside of the Base Station (BS), it reduced handover successful rate and hence, degraded the service quality. This research identified the system parameters to improve handover performance in high speed railway network. Moreover, mathematical equation has been derived by integrating the information of train speed and time travelled across the cell. This research has improved handover performances by reducing the probability of drop call rate and increasing the number of handover successful rate. Keywords: receive signal strength (RSS), base station (BS), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), long term evolution (LTE), time to trigger (TTT), quality of service (QOS). INTRODUCTION LTE is a wireless broadband technology designed to support roaming on cell phones and handheld devices. LTE offers significant improvements over previous cellular communication standards. OFDM used in LTE systems make it possible to supply high-speed data service on railway The authors in The

SINR Performance of Macro and Femto LTE-A Network by Fractional Frequency Reuse Jointly Dynamic Power Control Method

This paper studies a two-tier macrocell/ femtocell covered heterogeneous network based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) technology. In order to survive the surge in demand for stable and high data rates among mobile users, femtocell has been developed to increase indoor capacity and coverage. However, arrangement of femtocells has a challenge which is interference between femtocells itself as well to the present macrocells due to the femtocells sharing the similar frequency band assigning as macrocells. This will deteriorate the SINR user’s performance. Therefore, the Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) of six jointly a Dynamic Power Control (DPC) is proposed for mitigating the interference experienced between macro and femto users. This paper studied the effect of path loss compensation factor, α on the value of Signal to Interference Noise ratio (SINR) and proposed the best value of α. The simulation results indicate the proposed method is advantageous and can control the transmit power of the UE in femtocell along with the SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio)

Attitude and Entrepreneurial Intention Among Rural Community: the Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition

Entrepreneurship has been well documented to have an economic and social implication for the nation to increase income. Most of developing countries give further consideration to include entrepreneurship as an agenda to help the poor to increase the living standard. In fact, entrepreneurship offers various business opportunities for rural communities to achieve better quality of life. However, the crucial part of doing business is to recognize business opportunity. Entrepreneurship and opportunity are two terms that complement each other. Opportunity recognition enables the entrepreneur to identify a good idea and transform it into a business concept. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between attitude (attitude toward money, attitude toward start-up) and entrepreneurial intention. This paper also intends to understand the role of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition as a mediator between attitude and entrepreneurial intention. The aim of this research is to support training providers, to identify input for entrepreneurial training, specifically developing business concepts among rural community. From the practical perspective, it might help the government to understand the necessity to encourage entrepreneurial movement among rural community as to ensure business ideas flow. This research employed the quantitative method of data collection. The questionnaires were distributed to 500 local populations according to districts and villages. The findings of this study showed that both attitude (attitude toward money, attitude toward start-up) influence entrepreneurial intention. The relationship between attitude toward start-up and entrepreneurial intention was mediated by opportunity recognition

Attitude and Entrepreneurial Intention Among Rural Community: the Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition

Entrepreneurship has been well documented to have an economic and social implication for the nation to increase income. Most of developing countries give further consideration to include entrepreneurship as an agenda to help the poor to increase the living standard. In fact, entrepreneurship offers various business opportunities for rural communities to achieve better quality of life. However, the crucial part of doing business is to recognize business opportunity. Entrepreneurship and opportunity are two terms that complement each other. Opportunity recognition enables the entrepreneur to identify a good idea and transform it into a business concept. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between attitude (attitude toward money, attitude toward start-up) and entrepreneurial intention. This paper also intends to understand the role of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition as a mediator between attitude and entrepreneurial intention. The aim of this research is to support training providers, to identify input for entrepreneurial training, specifically developing business concepts among rural community. From the practical perspective, it might help the government to understand the necessity to encourage entrepreneurial movement among rural community as to ensure business ideas flow. This research employed the quantitative method of data collection. The questionnaires were distributed to 500 local populations according to districts and villages. The findings of this study showed that both attitude (attitude toward money, attitude toward start-up) influence entrepreneurial intention. The relationship between attitude toward start-up and entrepreneurial intention was mediated by opportunity recognition